For the most part, the data is already centralized. It just isn't used for anti fraud measures that would help online merchants.

The cc companies and banks do leverage aggregated data when they are the ones that hold the bag....like card present transactions.

Yep, it would cost them to implement and maintain, and they have no financial incentive to do so. It's not like they have a brand to ruin either; everyone already hates them, but Visa and MasterCard run the US market (and much of the global market), so they can do whatever they want to consumers without fear of backlash / loss of business.