For Java, class, package and (Java 9 Jigsaw) module all fit the Wikipedia definition of module.
We might have consensus about the definition, but it does not seem to be a useful precise one. The C++ working group seems to have a similar problem. Things like "compilation unit" have a precise meaning, but they cannot find consensus if it should relate to their "module" or not.
The basic concept of module is having language support for code separation, with data/code hiding, compiler type checking across modules and optimally a binary format.
I think the issue is more with some C++ devs that never used other languages, trying to grasp how modules fit into translation unit + PCH model they know.
We might have consensus about the definition, but it does not seem to be a useful precise one. The C++ working group seems to have a similar problem. Things like "compilation unit" have a precise meaning, but they cannot find consensus if it should relate to their "module" or not.