There seem to be a few reports of success, but not a lot of details.

See, for example, here http://www.documentsnap.com/fujitsu-scansnap-in-linux/

And from an Amazon review (November 30, 2009): Also of interest is that the scanner works under Ubuntu GNU/Linux using SANE drivers and gscan2pdf. However, in my experience the scanner controls are not as complete under SANE and gscan2pdf as with Fujitsu's proprietary drivers on a MAC and PC. Other seem to have had better experiences than I. Ultimately, Linux users should know that it is possible to use this scanner; however, it may take some tweaking. But if you use Linux, you are most likely used to this.

The FAQ at http://lawyerist.com/fujitsu-scansnap-s1500-document-scanner... suggests that it does. Based on the information in the subthread at http://www.documentsnap.com/fujitsu-scansnap-in-linux/#IDCom... , you might run into issues if you are using a distribution of Linux with an older version of sane-fujitsu.