Few studies have been done to prove that one way of coding is better than another. Not saying that there isn't a consensus of what leads to good code (tests are a good thing). I prefer functional style but someone else might prefer Java lasagna style. The ones that say that their style is better don't have any scientifc footing at all. We programmers love to say that we are so clever but we never actually try to do any studies. I hope this will change with time.
There have been some papers published about languages and unsurprisingly, FP languages come out as the most time inefficient while Java comes last, even after C.
I’m not sure how they controlled for experience/skill as the Java developer is probably not as skilled as the FP person, but even so the results imply that choosing a programming language is a big deal, just as Paul Graham has espoused over and over again.
> FP languages come out as the most time inefficient while Java comes last
I'm confused - you say that FP languages are the most time inefficient - so they're the worst? That means that you're saying that Java is the most time efficient/the best? I'd be curious to see the paper.