I like the conspiracy theory about how the New Coke fiasco was actually deliberate subterfuge for switching the product from sugar to high fructose corn syrup. Corn-syrup coca-cola tastes different than Coca Kola's classic sugar formula, and allegedly people noticed the difference when the Coca-Cola company was doing tests, pre-New Coke.
My cousin-in-law only drinks "Mexican Coke" (but Mexicans drinking coca-cola in their country get HFCS-Coke too. Wikipedia says only mexican coca-kola produced for export is made with sugar).
Fortunately HFCS is no longer contaminated with mercury [0] [1] (or less contaminated?), thanks to the efforts of a whistleblower [2].
The last problem to deal with is how HFCS preparations might have more calories than listed on the label, on account of residual starch molecules that aren't split into glucose. Residual starch adds calories but don't affect the perceived sweetness.
I previously wrote about how the original soda products were herbal beverages: Coca-Cola is made with flavorings from the Coca leaf and the Kola nut, Root beer is made with roots, Dr. Pepper's 21 plant flavors, etc: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17979670
> Wikipedia says only mexican coca-kola produced for export is made with sugar).
Wikipedia is wrong. When I'm in Guadalajara and buy bottles of coke locally, it has sugar. It's an anecdote, but it does disprove Wikipedia. One specific independent bottler in Mexico wanted to use HFCS, but there are other bottlers other than Arca Continental. Coca-Cola FEMSA is the largest bottler in Mexico and they use sugar.
I'm curious about the price difference between HFCS and sugar in Mexico. My understanding is that in the US, HFCS prices are artificially low due to corn subsidies while sugar prices are artificially high due to protectionist policies. I wonder if HFCS is any cheaper outside the US.
I believe in Europe, they mostly use beet sugar rather than cane or HFCS. It looks like the EU in the recent past heavily regulated their sugar market though
Japan has a high usage of HFCS (40% of sugars), and I always assumed that was due to trade agreements with the US giving access to cheap corn since there is so little domestic corn production.
It definitely was not a planned conspiracy that way. Did Coke switch to corn syrup after, yes, but they lost far too much stock market value, lost far too much market share, and far too many key marketers at Coke had their careers destroyed by the fiasco to have made it an even remotely economically sensible approach for anyone involved to have taken simply as a way to shift to corn syrup (which could easily have been done slowly and quietly over a year or two of formula drift without anyone noticing or complaining and certainly without any of these catastrophic brand and career and revenue impacts). Yes, Coke did spend untold millions trying to recover from the debacle, and yes, they were ultimately successful, and yes they did switch to corn syrup during that turn around, but sometimes the answer really is incompetence rather than conspiracy, even if the conspiracy version is more fun to advocate for on the Internet.
Your link is a video of anti-sugar crusader Robert Lustig's talk at UCSF. It was posted on July 30, 2009, right around the time that the revelations about the contamination of HFCS with mercury started to become known. Mercury exposure is associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome [2].
While I think Lustig is genuine, he was not aware in 2009 that Fructose is also manufactured/metabolized by the brain [0] [1].
I think the stealth calories in HFCS (as starch), above and beyond the label, is an additional as-yet unappreciated factor in presentations of insulin resistance and obesity.
[1] Specific regions of the brain are capable of fructose metabolism (2017) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28034722 - "Furthermore, rates of fructose oxidation in these brain regions are 15-150 times that of liver slices, confirming the bioinformatics prediction and in situ hybridization data. This suggests that previously unappreciated regions across the brain can use fructose, in addition to glucose, for energy production."
[2] Is mercury exposure causing diabetes, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance? A systematic review of the literature (2017) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28482296
I wish someone would spill the secrets of how New Coke came to be from inside CocaCola's offices. From the boardroom to the marketing dept, to the "chefs" who made the new recipe. Now that would be an interesting read. To see the decisions that were made and office politics that shaped what almost caused CocaCola to go under.
The path to New Coke was quite simple, actually. Coke learned that in blind taste tests, consumers overwhelmingly preferred Pepsi to Coke, by a wide margin and repeatable across a wide range of tests. The preference was simple - Pepsi was sweeter, and in blind taste tests people overwhelmingly preferred the sweeter drink.
This hard data was seen as indicating a looming crisis and management felt the need to act and act quickly. What the data failed to show, however, was how brand aware consumers perceived the two drinks. Even though blind taste tests showed overwhelming preference for Pepsi, if you left the labels on the cans consumers overwhelmingly preferred Coke.
Coke management listened to the researchers but all parties concerned failed to understand what the research was and wasn't testing, and what conclusions one could and couldn't draw from it.
To add a little more color, the "which is sweeter" question, which drove the shift to New Coke, was as a leadership failure actually secondary to the deeper brand failing that was New Coke. Coke's brand has always been a golden-age concept, a celebration of all the good times you've had in the past drinking coke with family and friends (think of all the old timey photos and artwork you've seen in Coke ads, and it's been like that pretty much from the start). Pepsi's brand is the reverse, it's new and exciting and the future (for many years their slogan was "The choice of a new generation"). You'd think this was because Coke was the older product and Pepsi was the newer product, but they were both launched around the same time, and both are ancient compared to the age of their average consumers. When Coke became New Coke, it wasn't just making its flavor look like Pepsi's, it was committing the much bigger sin of making its brand look like Pepsi's. Given how tremendously much stronger Coke's brand was than Pepsi's, the idea of rebranding itself as "New" was the much deeper failing on Coke management's part than the flavor change, and arguably was the thing consumers actually reacted most negatively to, because it was destroying their relationship to one of the strongest brands in the world. No one wanted Coke to be New. They had Pepsi for that. They preferred Coke to be their connection to the golden age of all their past good times.
> because it was destroying their relationship to one of the strongest brands in the world. No one wanted Coke to be New. They had Pepsi for that. They preferred Coke to be their connection to the golden age of all their past good times.
I don't believe anything resembling this kind of thinking process goes through a typical customer's head, even subconsciously. It doesn't pass the smell test as a rationalization, and sounds to me like something people in advertising industry write to each other in reports to justify their high salaries.
I propose a simpler hypothesis: customers have already self-selected themselves into preferring Coke or Pepsi. New Coke didn't introduce any new value - people who would like it were already drinking Pepsi. At the same time, its existence was received as a threat by Coke customers, as a New Coke seems like something that's going to replace the good ol' Coke. People don't like change; in particular, they don't like when a product that works for them is changed, because that change is almost universally for the worse[0].
The difference between the above and what you described is that my hypothesis doesn't require from a customer to have anything other than a "Coke = cola drink that hits the 'sweet spot' for me" relationship. I don't see the reason to believe consumer brand perception to be anything more than that. Especially not consciously thinking about how a brand reminds one of the past, or something.
--
[0] - Short-term. Sometimes it's worth to e.g. mix up user interfaces in software to enable further improvement. But with soft drinks, there's nothing other than short term.
I find it strange how many people on the internet are convinced ads and branding just... don't work? They obviously do. Even if you think they don't work on you (which you're probably wrong about), they work on everyone else.
No no, I think we buy the branding thing. I'm pretty sure part of the reason I have the car I do is a branding thing, etc. etc. I'm like the #1 brand sucker on the planet. But that's at the "these guys are outdoorsy", "you're sophisticated", "you're cool" level not at the "this represents classic American values vs. this is the new generation" thing. That sounds like nonsense to me.
Just clarifying that it isn't whether branding works but the shape of the working. Like, I admit being easily influenced by them, just not in that direction. Like Red Bull is cool action sports, right? But I've never had a Red Bull when I've gone skiing. Not saying branding doesn't directly modify my associations, just that the way isn't what yodon said.
Ironically (coincidentally?), I think you can apply a direct analogy between the tastes of Coke and Pepsi, and their branding. People have a preference for one drink over the other, but they can't articulate why. Most people can't tell one from the other in a blind taste test, much less describe what specifically they prefer about one over the other. They can still taste it, though, and the experts can break down the flavors and sensations to describe the differences between the two.
I suspect the branding is perceived the same way. People pick up on all of these things, and the experts have a language to describe their branding strategy, and they're very deliberate about what they do and do not include in their ads. People don't express it or notice it consciously, but they can still tell when the marketing feels "wrong" compared to the ads they've seen before.
I didn't say they don't work. They do. And in tune with the article on averages (and curse of dimensionality) on the front page now[0], I'll happily concede that different brands may work strongly on different people at different times. Hell, myself I had periods in my youth when I had fanboy-level attachment to a brand or two.
My point is that I doubt that the typical relationship with a brand is as sophisticated as 'yodon described. If it was, we'd all be falling victim to advertising bullshit much more often. So e.g. when Coca Cola airs another commercial with a grandfather pulling up coke during family supper, I believe almost everyone watching either smiles or rolls their eyes. I don't think their minds race to the memories of their family dinners, or old times, or whatever. That would be a dangerously strong emotional reaction to an ad.
Interesting, reminds me of the steady "Chrome-ification" of Firefox, something I've never asked for.
Thankfully a few things have been reversed, like the silly tab shape.
> and in blind taste tests people overwhelmingly preferred the sweeter drink.
I remember those taste test booths Pepsi would set up in shopping malls and such. Here's how they went for me:
1. They'd hand me two unmarked cups, one with Pepsi and one with Coke.
2. I'd take a sip from each, they'd ask me which I preferred.
3. I always knew which was the Coke, and would point to it.
4. They'd look away and say "Next!"
I've always preferred Coke. I prefer less sugared drinks because the sugar tends to overwhelm the flavor of the drink. Unfortunately, it is nearly impossible to find lightly sugared drinks today, they all taste like syrup. I drink coffee black, and just buy plain soda water and add a bit of OJ to it.
I got a sodastream while I've been working from home and using more or less syrup gives a lot of control over how sweet your drink is. If you like soda without cloying sweetness give it a shot. I've gotten a lot of value out of it.
Those blind tests are so weird. I’m not a huge soda drinker but I can tell Pepsi vs. Coke by smell, let alone taste, and I’m pretty sure I’m no super-taster. I mean yeah close clones of either might fool me (never checked) but I’m very sure I could tell those two apart without difficulty, and likely without even taking a drink.
Beyond the sweetness difference, Classic Coke has a lot more bite. It almost hurts during the first sip of a freshly opened can. Obvious if you are aware of it.
Is that why I hate plastic bottle soda? I've always chalked it up to some sort of either: (a) Taste taint from the container, where whatever they line cans with is better than the PET of the bottle, or (b) The warmer container temperature due to plastic not conducting heat as well as aluminum, causing me to think that the drink inside is warmer. (In other words, psychological issues while drinking from the plastic bottle)
When I was a kid, the absolute best was those 16oz. glass bottles with the polystyrene labels[0]. Somehow that Pepsi was colder than ice and more refreshing than any other version.
I think it is because the plastic container just isn't as strong, so they reduce the carbolic acid content. The cans are stronger, and the glass bottles the strongest.
In any case, I abandoned my Coca-Cola habit about 10 years ago to improve my health. It took about a year to get over the craving for it. I don't miss it anymore.
I would be interested to know whether they tested this WITH FOOD. If I were just drinking a few sips of some soda, I probably would prefer Pepsi. But if I'm eating almost any kind of food, I prefer Coke, because it's not so overpoweringly sweet in comparison to whatever food I'm eating. And in general I don't just crack open a soda and drink it straight, I'm usually drinking it with some food, so 90% of the soda I buy is Coke despite what would show up in too-simple market research studies as a preference for Pepsi.
Yeah, it's often mentioned too (and mentioned in the article) that people will have very different preferences for "a few sips" and "I'm going to drink a whole can of this in one sitting".
New Coke is almost a poster child of how blind taste tests sometimes can be very blind in ignoring what should be important context information in people's preferences, exactly like "how much am I drinking of this?" and "what am I pairing it with?".
Oh, from a few sips you'd definitely prefer Pepsi.
But you're right, Coke is amazing because it compliments food so damn well. There's a reason 90% or so of American restaurants use Coke, and it's not just because Pepsi owns Yum! brands, as this was the case since long before that happened.
Edit: now that I think about it, I wouldn't be surprised if Coke contains a chemical similar to MSG that acts as a flavor enhancer for savory foods.
Another reason that restaurants (at least those with bars) prefer Coke is that Pepsi makes a terrible mixer. There's a reason that "rum and Pepsi" isn't a thing.
Also fascinating is that it was a failure/misapplication of consumer research. When testing New Coke vs their existing product people preferred the New Coke but they didn't ask the pivotal question: Would you prefer this instead of coke.
This is often discussed in business schools as a danger of doing market research. Pepsi was running ads about beating Coke in tastes tests (which Coke confirmed).
Pepsi is sweeter and people liked it better in a little sample sip, but to sit down and drink a whole glass was too much.
High-fructose corn syrup has some advantages, from a corporate aspect. First off, the USA subsidizes corn production rather heavily. It mixes readily with water, whereas sugar had some issues when it came to the mixers in the vats. Once these sort of advantages come to light, all you then have to do is convince first yourself, then everyone else, that it tastes the same or better.
A lot of people preferred the taste of Diet Coke to standard Coke and Diet Coke was the fastest growing product at the time. And Diet Coke was apparently cannibalizing a lot of the Coke drinkers. So they made the normal Coke taste more like the Diet one.
Which failed biblically.
I just wish I could get my old saccharine-based Diet Coke back.
Not mentioned in the article was the "market research gone wrong". New Coke was market tested in supermarkets with taste samples and questionnaires. New Coke was preferred in these taste tests.
But the context was wrong, a small sip in the supermarket under surveillance is not a bottle at home / cinema / picknik.
But: "almost ruined" is wrong, too. After this CocaCola basically got the status as USA national heritage.
So maybe it was the most successful marketing ploy in modern history. (CocaCola denies this).
Source: Some marketing books from the 90s and 00s.
Pepsi leaves a very nasty lingering sweetness at the back of my throat for hours after drinking it. There would be no contest if I was presented a blind tasting between the two and I could likely identify diet and zero varieties of each brand.
The position of insiders in Coca Cola is literally “we wish we were smart enough to have planned this as a marketing ploy, but it was dumb luck and mistakes”.
Where they really screwed up was when they changed from using sugar to high fructose corn syrup. This drastically changed the taste of Coke. If you want original Coke, you can get Mexican Coke, available from many stores, which still uses sugar.
I find American coke to be an entirely different beverage, which is almost undrinkable.
Do they have different formulas for different countries? I’ve had coke products in several different countries and they all tasted different to me. The most noticeable was a coke in Germany tasted less sweet compared to US coke.
The taste is certainly different in different countries. Other companies also adjust their recipes for different areas. I think it is partially because of regional taste preferences and probably also because of different regulatory requirements. There are differences in the lists of allowed and forbidden food additives in North America and the EU, for example.
You are right that it is not 100% true, but it is mostly true.
The US uses corn syrup because the US government heavily subsidizes corn. Some Mexican producers in Mexico do use corn syrup, which is a cheap import from the US, but even here the majority use sugar.
This kind of thing happens in with other countries as well. In New Zealand you can get local coke which is sugar-sweetened or imported American coke with corn syrup. People didn't switch to corn syrup because it's better or even cheaper in and of itself, they switched because the US government goes to ridiculous lengths to make it cheap.
Maybe not "heavily". It was 2B out of a 50B corn crop. So, 4% classed as 'heavily subsidized'?
And a large portion of this is in the form of insurance against bad weather/crop loss. Otherwise, we'd have no farmers left in a couple of year (everybody has a crop loss once in a while).
They invested to get the market to 50b at the expensive of other products that could have been grown. The 2b figure just helps keep the edges from fraying.
If something else had been supported to get that generous crop, we'd be dissing it now. Like VHS vs Betamax, Corn won early and it won big. Not surprising it went like that; so many things do.
Anyway it'd cost trillions to retool for some other staple crop now.
It's less that corn is subsidized and more that the US has a system of price supports for sugar. The price of sugar in the US is significantly higher than in other countries, so food producers have an incentive to use alternatives.
My understanding is that this was, long-term, very good for Coke. Check out this line:
"
On 11 July 1985, once the extent of the soda brand’s mistake had become evident, Coca-Cola relaunched the original recipe, rebranded as Coca-Cola Classic.
According to the beverage corporation, the news of the drink’s long-awaited return “made the front page of virtually every major newspaper”.
"
"The events of 1985 changed forever the dynamics of the soft-drink industry and the success of The Coca-Cola Company, as the Coca-Cola brand soared to new heights and consumers continued to remember the love they have for Coca-Cola.
"
What I find incredible is just how similar everything tastes.
Either my qualia are objectively different from everyone else's, or it's 90% marketing fluff and psychological tribalism.
It's not so much that there can't be a difference between the various cokes, Pepsis, and other brands--I just find it hard to believe that the difference is so great that people can find one repulsive and the other divine.
It's all just sweet, fizzy drink. Side by side I might be able to tell coke and new coke apart. I don't find it difficult to believe that people have a preference. I find it difficult to believe that one could be so swayed by the difference to revolt.
So I cannot shake that it's more tribal identity than taste... Sort of like rock vs hip-hop.
Yea, I know telling people it's mostly mental is going to be controversial, so sorry.
It's quite possible you're right, and I can't deny that my brain is pretty twisted anyways. That said, I feel like there's a clear difference in taste between brands, at least for my own taste buds.
I drink Coca-Cola as my preferred choice. I can't stand Pepsi (and will order a new drink in a restaurant if Pepsi shows up when I ordered Coca-Cola; I can tell, even if it's not labeled). There's a specific sweetness to each, to my tastebuds. I also enjoy RC Cola, but it's also a different flavour from either of the two most well-known brands.
I get pretty specific in my tastes, especially surrounding extra flavourings. I dislike vanilla flavouring added to my colas, though I will still drink it paired with another flavour such as orange or cherry.
I will choose Cherry Coke (classic) over just Coke any day, but will choose just Coke over Cherry-Vanilla Coke. I'm willing to drink Wild Cherry Pepsi (actually quite good), even though regular Pepsi is not a flavour I enjoy.
There's an interesting version of Pepsi called Pepsi Throwback (at least, that's what it's called around here) which I also enjoy greatly. It uses a different sweetener than regular Pepsi.
I can't stand either Diet Coke or Coke Zero (or any Diet soft drinks, really); neither taste right, to me.
Now, I still think New Coke vs Coke was overblown. I don't fault the Coca-Cola company for trying to shake things up a bit, and perhaps the new formula could have appealed better, given time and a better launch. We'll never know, though ...
> Either my qualia are objectively different from everyone else's
Yes. I mean, not everyone else's, but certainly many.
> What I find incredible is just how similar everything tastes.
Vaguely similar, maybe. Incredibly similar? That's either you ignoring or being biologically unequipped to tell the differences.
> I just find it hard to believe that the difference is so great that people can find one repulsive and the other divine.
They taste different. In some cases radically different. Cokes and Pepsis are reminiscent of each other, but the difference between them on, say, a multidimensional tartness-sweetness-bitterness spectrum is as great as the similarity between them on the cola-hotdog spectrum. It's not difficult at all for me to recognize why people might like the taste of one and not the other.
If they were actually the same, the blind "Pepsi Challenge" wouldn't have worked as well as it did.
Next you'll say that you think Heinz ketchup tastes like Hunts ketchup, something which is just logically untrue, as if the ingredients and their proportions don't matter. Are they both ketchup? Yes. Do they taste the same? No. They don't mix the same ingredients in the same proportions. When two things are different, is it reasonable to form preferences even if those preferences are sometimes circumstantial (A better on X, B better on Y)? Yes.
I don't want to downplay the mental aspect of it, but I do want to point out that sugary drinks like soda taste differently if you drink them all the time vs. only once in a while. Once you get used to the overpowering sweetness the other flavors make more of a difference.
Personally, I absolutely find non diet coke way worse than diet or zero coke due to its syrupy-ness. So I think many drinks do have very distinct tastes (though many are also similar).
I could tell the difference easily. New Coke tasted just like Pepsi, and Pepsi is too sweet. I can drink a whole Coke and feel refreshed, but if I do that with Pepsi I feel slightly queasy. It's like chugging maple syrup. In a blind taste test sweeter always wins, but less sweet is preferable to me (and apparently to a lot of people) in a full serving.
Even a small difference in taste is enough for people to prefer A over B for the rest of their lives. The products don’t change. That’s worth billions.
I bought a few for old times sake during the last limited release in 2016 (edit:err, 2018 I guess, [1]). They didn't keep for very long and tasted a bit off to me or maybe my palette has evolved.
You mean the re-release they did a year ago and that is long since sold out? If this is advertising for that, it's a pretty dumb strategy to publish it a year too late. (Amazon has them but only from third party sellers.)
When I visited Coke’s HQ in Atlanta and did the public tour, there was a section where you can sample all the different Coke flavors from all around the world.
I asked about New Coke and the guide gave me a sour look. I guess the question gets asked really frequently.
I bought some as part of the Stranger Things promotion, so assuming it actually does match the original recipe, it was pretty good. I did blind taste tests with the rest of the family and everyone picked New Coke as their preferred flavour. I guess the best way to describe it is it seemed a bit sweeter (but not more sugary), in the same way Tab had a sweeter flavor profile compared to Diet Coke.
Also grabbed it as I was pretty sure it's the only chance I'd ever get to try it.
Reminded me of Pepsi a lot, like a Pepsi made by Coke. Much lighter and sweeter tasting. Honestly probably would have done well if they hadn't used Coke branding on it.
Personally I like cane sugar Coke, or stevia Coke over it. Fun fact Coke is the one beverage I know of that you can buy with five different sweeteners:
- Cane sugar
- High Fructose Corn Syrup
- aspartame
- aspartame and acesulfame potassium (Coke Zero)
- stevia
Strangely, in blind taste tests, a majority of folks chose Diet Pepsi over all the others (all other Pepsi; all other Coke). Which shows, soft drink preferences are largely cultural?
Very interesting, while I do not like the flavor of Pepsi, I do crave Diet Pepsi every once in awhile, even though I normally prefer Coke products. I thought maybe I was the only one.
As far as colas go, Diet Pepsi has a decent flavor profile; it's sweet but not cloying or syrupy. And it has enough of whatever acids or other flavorings to mask / distract from the aftertaste of artificial sweeteners.
That's the one thing that hurts Diet Coke, I think, particularly if it isn't cold.
Strange thing that your comment reminded me of. I can't see the phrase Diet Pepsi without picturing Ray Charles. From the commercials from the late 80s and early 90s.
I remember it not being bad, and being preferred by my dad, who was a Pepsi drinker. However, I've always been a Coke person, and it didn't live up to Classic. That said, it probably could have been successful under a different brand name.
They have had very deceptive advertising tricks in the past, such as "original formula" not being the original at all, and having to fix it to "original taste." To me that is very underhanded.
My theory is Cherry Coke is actually cherry flavored New Coke. Also, I tried the Stranger Things rerelease of New Coke and it is good, I feel like they should bring it back.
Or possibly New Coke was a huge boost, through the attention that the controversy aroused. After the New Coke fiasco wrapped up, Coca Cola sales soared.
"According to Mullins, the issue was not just the new taste, but that the company had done something “un-American” - taken away his “freedom of choice”."
Ah the good old "I want freedom of choice, but if you exercise yours then that's un-American". And we think that entitlement is a 21st century invention.
Exactly. So now using the old definition can be ambiguous and has to be replaced by something 'wordier'. I can't do anything about it but I do think it's a shame.
> The earliest cluster of uses of entitlement meaning "(rightful) claim" that I've found is associated with post-WWII veterans' benefits, as in this 1947 Popular Mechanics ad
> In the 1960s, psychoanalysts also start using entitled and entitlement with strongly negative connotations, resulting in the emergent term of art "narcissistic entitlement".
> Meanwhile, by the 1970s, the phrase entitlement programs is being used in its modern sense (defined benefits paid by the federal government) in discussions of the federal budget — and the connotations are by no means positive.
My cousin-in-law only drinks "Mexican Coke" (but Mexicans drinking coca-cola in their country get HFCS-Coke too. Wikipedia says only mexican coca-kola produced for export is made with sugar).
Fortunately HFCS is no longer contaminated with mercury [0] [1] (or less contaminated?), thanks to the efforts of a whistleblower [2].
The last problem to deal with is how HFCS preparations might have more calories than listed on the label, on account of residual starch molecules that aren't split into glucose. Residual starch adds calories but don't affect the perceived sweetness.
I previously wrote about how the original soda products were herbal beverages: Coca-Cola is made with flavorings from the Coca leaf and the Kola nut, Root beer is made with roots, Dr. Pepper's 21 plant flavors, etc: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17979670
[0] Mercury in High-Fructose Corn Syrup? - https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/news/20090127/mercury-in-... (2009)
[1] https://www.iatp.org/documents/much-high-fructose-corn-syrup... (2009)
[2] FDA WHISTLEBLOWER SPEAKS OUT ABOUT MERCURY IN OUR FOOD - https://www.foodwhistleblower.org/fda-whistleblower-speaks-o...
[edit: added some words to first paragraph re sugar and Coca-Cola company's taste tests pre-new-coke.]