Speaking for myself, the biggest problems in my thinking are as follows:
1. Thinking you know anything with an even remotely high degree of certainty.
2. Confirmation Bias - thinking you are right and searching for evidence to prove you are right, reaffirming your own beliefs in the process and actively ignoring or providing excuses for counter examples and contradictory evidence.
3. Difficulty/Inability of looking only at the facts without interpreting them as you would like them to be or not to be.
3. Inability/Difficulty of admitting you are wrong/made a mistake and also remember it and learn from it.
4. Inability/Difficulty of acknowledging you are an irrational, flawed monkey stumbling around trying to make sense of about a billion things you don't understand and never will understand.
Trying to still make progress given all the above.
Remember -- "If it doesn't have a tail it's not a monkey."
Embrace the inner ape. Instead of looking at our limitations, look at how well we have done. We have microwave ovens, digital watches, and even ice cream. Reflecting on what it takes to go from swinging in the trees to where we are today, I think we have done pretty well for ourselves, all things considered.
Those two statements are not in conflict. Yes, we have done very well for ourselves, but that doesn't mean we aren't irrational and flawed. Just because we have done well doesn't mean we should ignore areas of improvement.
My words were meant as a light-hearted message of hope, with an allusion to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy; not a philosophical argument to reject self-improvement.
The easiest solution to number 1 is humbling yourself by making mistakes. Sure making mistakes itself will teach you stuff, but it's the humbling process that is really important. I've learned from years of argumentation and failure that I need to be more careful when finding the truth because people will otherwise make a fool out of you.
1. Thinking you know anything with an even remotely high degree of certainty.
2. Confirmation Bias - thinking you are right and searching for evidence to prove you are right, reaffirming your own beliefs in the process and actively ignoring or providing excuses for counter examples and contradictory evidence.
3. Difficulty/Inability of looking only at the facts without interpreting them as you would like them to be or not to be.
3. Inability/Difficulty of admitting you are wrong/made a mistake and also remember it and learn from it.
4. Inability/Difficulty of acknowledging you are an irrational, flawed monkey stumbling around trying to make sense of about a billion things you don't understand and never will understand.
Trying to still make progress given all the above.