I used to think running sucked until I took up soccer, apparently the 2 hours a week every summer and winter (not that I played the whole time, I was overweight and out of shape, maybe 20-30 minutes total) plus practices caused my form to improve. Shinsplints disappeared, and as I lost weight my knee pain disappeared. It's not for everyone, but working on form can make it a much more tolerable exercise if not enjoyable.
Rowing requires you to focus on form as well. If you can get the form down (legs, hips, arms, reverse) the motion becomes very smooth and the pain that remains isn't pain, just soreness and discomfort from the effort. It's still damned exhausting, but it's a great cardio and full body workout. Back pain is still possible, I have sciatica and it's occasionally triggered/made worse by my rowing, but on days when I let my form slack or when I've upped the difficulty for myself (changed resistance, added time, added intensity). But the strengthening of core muscles has overall reduced the frequency of my sciatica problems. Like with lifting (which I need to get back into) it builds up a good bit of muscle and helps raise the base metabolic rate, though not as dramatically. I also don't think I've ever had a more significant improvement in my cardio endurance than when using rowing as a frequent/key part of my routine (other than swimming, but shoulder issues have forced me to avoid that as a regular exercise, I can go 1-2 times a week for moderate distance and pace with breaks, but not the 3+ times of continuous swimming for 30-45 minutes I used to do; take care of your shoulders people).
You didn't mention cycling, but it's another good exercise that's very unlikely to cause issues for most people. Also nice if you can find a good cycling route/trail near your home or office, or find a cycling group in your area. Riding as a pack can help with safety and discovering routes (this is my plan for the spring this year, once I get my bike tuned up, since I'm still new-ish to this area). Cost is an issue, but there are a lot of people that buy nice bikes that never get ridden and sell them a couple years later. Clean it, tune it, and you've got a great bike at a discount. Keep it clean and tuned and it'll last you years. A good indoor trainer isn't expensive (though not cheap either) and can turn it into a nice year piece of exercise equipment (if you live in an area where winter riding is untenable for you, or with frequent summer rains).
Rowing requires you to focus on form as well. If you can get the form down (legs, hips, arms, reverse) the motion becomes very smooth and the pain that remains isn't pain, just soreness and discomfort from the effort. It's still damned exhausting, but it's a great cardio and full body workout. Back pain is still possible, I have sciatica and it's occasionally triggered/made worse by my rowing, but on days when I let my form slack or when I've upped the difficulty for myself (changed resistance, added time, added intensity). But the strengthening of core muscles has overall reduced the frequency of my sciatica problems. Like with lifting (which I need to get back into) it builds up a good bit of muscle and helps raise the base metabolic rate, though not as dramatically. I also don't think I've ever had a more significant improvement in my cardio endurance than when using rowing as a frequent/key part of my routine (other than swimming, but shoulder issues have forced me to avoid that as a regular exercise, I can go 1-2 times a week for moderate distance and pace with breaks, but not the 3+ times of continuous swimming for 30-45 minutes I used to do; take care of your shoulders people).
You didn't mention cycling, but it's another good exercise that's very unlikely to cause issues for most people. Also nice if you can find a good cycling route/trail near your home or office, or find a cycling group in your area. Riding as a pack can help with safety and discovering routes (this is my plan for the spring this year, once I get my bike tuned up, since I'm still new-ish to this area). Cost is an issue, but there are a lot of people that buy nice bikes that never get ridden and sell them a couple years later. Clean it, tune it, and you've got a great bike at a discount. Keep it clean and tuned and it'll last you years. A good indoor trainer isn't expensive (though not cheap either) and can turn it into a nice year piece of exercise equipment (if you live in an area where winter riding is untenable for you, or with frequent summer rains).