A judge can still refuse to shut down the company. If employees want to take action and protect their rights, they probably can. Especially if the company is profitable.
1) even in France, it’s hard to go after investors if a company fails, assuming the paperwork is done correctly.
2) it isn’t clear how the actual corporate structure was setup or how the acquisition occurred.
3) all of this of course depends on how it was structured, managed, etc.
But yeah, there is also the ‘go ahead, make me’ element, which even if it never comes to that, plays a part in all this. Some folks do dumb things with structuring, but I’m guessing there is at least 2 corp entity layers and a national border between any one of the French folks employed there and the decision makers and money.
If the other players know the person with the money can just walk away, it tends to make things more polite.
If the person with the money also makes folks comfortable before closing up shop (severance, for instance), it also smooths the way for an amicable resolution and reduces hurt feelings.