It could also be a "wicked problem" where there is no "right or wrong" answer, each attempt at solving the problem affects how the next attempt could be done and usually you can't even understand the problem before starting on a solution. Or where each attempt is so expensive that you can't afford a failure. When I ran for elected office, one of the problems was the light rail expansion project. If the route "doesn't work", you can't rip up the rails and try again. Not at > $2 billion per route. Highways are similar, as one gets built, it alters the community so much that you can't do any sort of "trial and error".

In the case of wicked problems, lots of meetings with all the shareholders followed by lots of simulations.

0 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicked_problem