That projected 39 million for 2024, but we're already over 41 million right now [1]. So if the graph that started this thread is correct, in 2023 the Canadian population grew 3% just from immigration.
There's no question we need immigration given the low fertility rate, but there is definitely a limit to how much immigration is stable vs. disruptive, eg. if you doubled your population in one year the country would be unrecognizable and there wouldn't be enough resources to meet everyone's needs. For instance, housing capacity has been growing a lot slower than 3% per year for decades now, which is definitely a factor in our very high housing costs. We're definitely in a pickle.