What is "" and so forth? It does not even render properly here on HN after having copy pasted it from the website. Custom font or what? I will check later if no one replies.

The CosmicOS message has multiple possible encodings, including base 4 representations shown below (e.g. the message starts with 121001031211132233...). The very first page contains glyphs corresponding their compact graphic representations. I think there was some description about these, but I couldn't find them so I will just recall my understanding here. The base 4 representation uses four symbols 0--3, which are derived from textual tokens:

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12 (0|1)+ 3 -- Names. A particular name `xxx` is only available after the `intro xxx;` declaration. Note that the name `intro` itself is the first token ever and never explicitly defined.

02 (0|1)+ 3 -- Binary numbers. Note that unary numbers used initially are encoded using a special function "unary" with ordinary binary numbers 0 (0203) and 1 (0213) as bits.

2 without preceding 0 or 1 -- Opening parenthesis.

3 without preceding 0 or 1 -- Closing parenthesis.

023 -- Auto-closing opening parenthesis, denoted `|` in the textual form. `(a | b | c d)` is same as `(a (b (c d)))`.

123 -- Single-item parentheses, denoted `$` in the textual form. `$x` means `(x)` and typically used in variable getters.

2233 -- Marks the end of the current expression. Each expression in the CosmicOS message should evaluate to true.

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Now, keep in mind that every name is effectively a specially marked number. I think each line segment in glyphs corresponds to a particular bit position, and numbers have short overline and underline to distinguish themselves from names.