Awesome has a builtin window layout that I think you'd like: it has one program take up 80% of the screen in the center, and tiles horizontally the rest behind it. But any WM can do that either by duplicating the layout or, in the case of dynamic window managers, using floating windows.
Your notifications will stay. For widgets, stick it in the menu bars or use conky -- the same options are available.
Your notifications will stay. For widgets, stick it in the menu bars or use conky -- the same options are available.